What are Mental and Behavioral Disorders Due to Tobacco Use?
About 30% of the population smokes cigarettes, mainly between the ages of 20 and 45, men are more likely than women. Smokers are considered to smoke more than 20 cigarettes per day.
Causes of Mental and Behavioral Disorders Due to Tobacco Use
The main mechanism of the psychoactive effect of nicotine is its binding to cholinergic and nicotinic receptors in the central nervous system, adrenal medulla, neuromuscular synapses and autonomic ganglia.
Symptoms of Mental and Behavioral Disorders Due to Tobacco Use
Acute intoxication
Nausea and vomiting, increased irritability, relaxation under stress, decreased hunger, increased insomnia, tremors, relaxation of skeletal muscles, improved short-term memory.
Harmful use
Somatic changes in the form of reduced coronary blood flow and blood pressure, temperature, vasoconstriction, accelerated menopause and depletion of catecholamines, osteoporosis, cough, high risk of neoplastic processes and somatoform disorders.
Addiction syndrome
Physical dependence and mental dependence.
Withdrawal syndrome
Dizziness, hyperosmia, irritability and anxiety, decreased short-term memory, cough, change in blood pressure.
Psychotic Disorder and Amnestic Syndrome
Not typical.
Residual state and psychotic disorder with delayed debut
Resumption of anxiety, irritability and sleep disturbances in the residual period.
Diagnosing Mental and Behavioral Disorders Due to Tobacco Use
Diagnosis based on history.
Mental and Behavioral Treatment for Tobacco Use
Behavioral therapy, group therapy and psychotherapy. Nicotine replacement therapy: nicotine chewing gums and transdermal nicotine patches, clonidine.